Measuring Climate
Multiple methods for measuring climate include measuring borehole data, forcing, coral, faunal, documentary, ice core, fossil insect, lake levels, glacial dust deposits, paleofire, lake sediments, ocean sediment, macrofossil, fossil pollen, phytolith, radiocarbon, hydroclimate etc.
World Data Center for Paleoclimatology
Borehole Data
Borehole Temperature Measurements Interpreted as a History of Climate Change
Climate Forcing Data Sets
Data on Factors Potentially Affecting Climate
- Orbital Variations Calculations
- Solar Variability
- Volcanic Aerosols
- Tropospheric Aerosols
- Atmospheric Trace Gases
- Forcing and Model Results for the Past 1000 Years, Crowley 2000.
- Hypothesized Climate Forcing Time Series for the Last 500 Years, Robertson et al. 2001.
- Volcanic Eruptions and Aerosol Optical Depth, 40,000 Years, Bryson 1988.
- Volcanic and Solar Forcing of the Tropical Pacific, 1,000 Years, Mann et al. 2005
Coral Data
Stable Isotope and Trace Metal Data as Proxies of Upper Ocean Environment
Faunal Data
Fossilized Animal Remains as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment
Historical Documentary Data
Records of Harvest Dates, Waterway Freeze Dates, etc as a Paleoclimate Proxy
Ice Core Data
Proxy Paleoclimate Indicators include Stable Isotopes, Gas Concentrations, and Dust Content.
Insect Data
Fossil Insect Data as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment
Lake Level Databases
Paleolimnology/Tree Rings - Geomorphic Reconstructions of Past Lake Levels as an Indicator of Precipitation/Evaporation
Caspian and Aral Seas: Data and Description
Europe: Data and Description
Former Soviet Union and Mongolia: Data and Description
Oxford Global Lake Level Database: Data and Description
Viau and Gajewski 2001 Global Lake Level Status Grids : Data and Description
Owens Lake California Lake Level History and Description Benson et al. 1996
Peace-Athabasca Lake Levels and Description Stockton and Fritts 1973.
Loess Data
Windblown Glacial Dust Deposits as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment
DIRTMAP Global Eolian Flux Database, Last Glacial Maximum, Late Holocene, and Modern:
Version 2 all data, or individual version 2 tables by source type.
Also available are the version 1 database tables.
Ding et al. Lingtai, China Loess Data and Description.
Kohfeld et al. Mid-continent USA Peoria Loess Thickness Data.
Ice Core Tropospheric Aerosol Data.
Paleoclimate Modeling Output
Computer Models of the Climate System used to Analyze and Predict Climate Change and Variability
Paleofire
Fire history derived from paleoenvironmental proxy data
Paleolimnology Data
Lake Sediment Data Including Stable Isotopes and Microfauna as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment
Paleoceanography Data
Ocean Sediment Chemistry and Fossil Plankton Data as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment
- CLIMAP Data Set
- SPECMAP Data Set
- Relative Sea Level Database
- Calcium Carbonate Concentration Database
- Planktonic Foraminifera Counts Data, Brown University
- Planktonic Foraminifera Counts Data, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
- Planktonic Foraminifera Counts Data, P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
- Paleoceanographic Data Sets by Contributor
Featured Paleoceanographic Data Sets:
- deMenocal et al. 2000 Holocene subtropical Atlantic SST reconstruction.
- Haug et al. 2001 Cariaco Basin trace metal data and Holocene ITCZ migration.
- Oppo et al. 2003 Holocene NADW variability and benthic foraminifera isotope data.
- Peterson et al. 2000 Tropical Atlantic glacial hydrologic cycle changes and trace element data.
- Schulz et al. 1998 Arabian Sea stable isotope and TOC data and North Atlantic teleconnections.
Plant Macrofossil Data
Visible Plant Fragments such as Cones, Twigs, and Seeds as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment
Pollen Data
Fossil Pollen Grains Interpreted as an Indicator of Past Plant Communities and Paleoclimate
Phytolith Data
Opal-Silica Fossilized Plant MaterialsRadiocarbon Data
Radiocarbon Decay Data as a Dating Tool for Organic Deposits- Great Lakes Region Radiocarbon Data
- Sahara Region Radiocarbon Data
- Hughen et al. 2000 Cariaco Basin Radiocarbon Calibration
- Hughen et al. 2004 Cariaco Basin 50KYr. Radiocarbon Calibration
Reconstructed Climate Parameters
Various Paleoenvironmental Proxy Data Interpreted in Paleoenvironmental TermsSpeleothem (Cave Deposit) Data
Layered Cave Deposits contain Paleoenvironmental Proxy DataTreering Data
Tree Ring Width and Density Data Record Tree Growth Rates as a Proxy for PaleoenvironmentOther Paleo Data
- Barrows et al. 2001 Dating of Late Pleistocene Australian Mainland Glaciation
- IAEA/WMO Network of Isotopes in Precipitation
- Correlation of Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scales
- Late Quaternary Ice Extent and Topography
- Kaandorp et al. 2005 Peruvian Amazonia Miocene Freshwater Bivalve Data
- Rousseau and Puissgur 1999 MIS 5 French Alps Land Snails Data
- Schwartz and Reiter North American Lilac Phenology Data
- Paleoenvironmental ARCtic Sciences (PARCS)
- Circumpolar Arctic PaleoEnvironments (CAPE)