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Measuring Climate

Multiple methods for measuring climate include measuring borehole data, forcing, coral, faunal, documentary, ice core, fossil insect, lake levels, glacial dust deposits, paleofire, lake sediments, ocean sediment, macrofossil, fossil pollen, phytolith, radiocarbon, hydroclimate etc.

World Data Center for Paleoclimatology

Borehole Data

Borehole Temperature Measurements Interpreted as a History of Climate Change

Climate Forcing Data Sets

Data on Factors Potentially Affecting Climate

Coral Data

Stable Isotope and Trace Metal Data as Proxies of Upper Ocean Environment 

Faunal Data

Fossilized Animal Remains as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment

Historical Documentary Data

Records of Harvest Dates, Waterway Freeze Dates, etc as a Paleoclimate Proxy

Ice Core Data

Proxy Paleoclimate Indicators include Stable Isotopes, Gas Concentrations, and Dust Content.

Insect Data

Fossil Insect Data as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment

Lake Level Databases

Paleolimnology/Tree Rings - Geomorphic Reconstructions of Past Lake Levels as an Indicator of Precipitation/Evaporation

Caspian and Aral Seas: Data and Description

Europe: Data and Description

Former Soviet Union and Mongolia: Data and Description

Oxford Global Lake Level Database: Data and Description

Viau and Gajewski 2001 Global Lake Level Status Grids : Data and Description

Owens Lake California Lake Level History and Description Benson et al. 1996

Peace-Athabasca Lake Levels and Description Stockton and Fritts 1973.

Loess Data

Windblown Glacial Dust Deposits as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment

DIRTMAP Global Eolian Flux Database, Last Glacial Maximum, Late Holocene, and Modern:

Version 2 all data, or individual version 2 tables by source type.

Also available are the version 1 database tables.

Ding et al. Lingtai, China Loess Data and Description.

Kohfeld et al. Mid-continent USA Peoria Loess Thickness Data.

Ice Core Tropospheric Aerosol Data.

Paleoclimate Modeling Output

Computer Models of the Climate System used to Analyze and Predict Climate Change and Variability

Paleofire

Fire history derived from paleoenvironmental proxy data

Paleolimnology Data

Lake Sediment Data Including Stable Isotopes and Microfauna as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment

Paleoceanography Data

Ocean Sediment Chemistry and Fossil Plankton Data as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment

Featured Paleoceanographic Data Sets:

Plant Macrofossil Data

Visible Plant Fragments such as Cones, Twigs, and Seeds as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment

Pollen Data

Fossil Pollen Grains Interpreted as an Indicator of Past Plant Communities and Paleoclimate

Phytolith Data

Opal-Silica Fossilized Plant Materials 

Radiocarbon Data

Radiocarbon Decay Data as a Dating Tool for Organic Deposits

Reconstructed Climate Parameters

Various Paleoenvironmental Proxy Data Interpreted in Paleoenvironmental Terms

Speleothem (Cave Deposit) Data

Layered Cave Deposits contain Paleoenvironmental Proxy Data

Treering Data

Tree Ring Width and Density Data Record Tree Growth Rates as a Proxy for Paleoenvironment

Other Paleo Data